Covid 19 is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2) which is an RNA virus. The Avian Flu (H5N3) was also an RNA Virus. An article in Arch Virol (abstract below) “Avian influenza virus intranasally inoculated infects the central nervous system of mice through the general visceral afferent nerve.” noted how the invasion into the central nervous system was created experimentally by intra-nasal inoculation of the virus.
SARS-CoV-2 creates a gastrointestinal symptoms in some patients compared to experimental mice in which “only the intranasal infection group mice showed depression and retention of gas in the digestive system”. The pathology in the experimental group showed “Pathological findings in the animals were bronchointerstitial pneumonia and non-suppurative encephalitis restricted to the brain stem”
The experimental mouse model found “Prior to the development of the CNS lesions, viral antigen was detected in vagal and trigeminal ganglia. These results suggest that the primarily replicated virus in the respiratory mucosa ascended to the CNS via sensory nerve routes, inducing lesions in the brain stem, and then spread trans-synaptically in the CNS.” Essentially, the virus and replicated virus spread via autonomic nerves (of sphenopalatine ganglion) which goes to hypothalamus and limbic system.
The question is whether it would be possible to decrease severity of symptoms from
CNS involvement of SARS-CoV–2 by utilizing an “Intranasal Antibody Prophylaxis” and simultaneously reduce the susceptibility to infection. The paper states “Mucosal delivery may be advantageous because it allows the antibody to neutralize the virus particles before they initiate infection and because it concentrates the antibody where viral replication takes place.”
My good friend and Mentor Dr Norman Thomas BDS, PhD suggests that a nasal spray of antibodies could also cover “The palatine tonsils, nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) and lingual tonsil constitute the major part of Waldeyer’s ring or nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), with the tubal tonsils and lateral pharyngeal bands as less prominent components. The lymphoid tissue of Waldeyer’s ring is located at the gateway of the respiratory and alimentary tract and belongs to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). As tonsils are the first site of encounter with inhaled and ingested micro-organisms, they are considered the first line of defense against exogenous aggressors. The generation of B cells in the germinal centers of the tonsil is one of the most essential tonsillar functions. This manuscript aims to review the anatomy and current knowledge on the immunologic function of the Waldeyer’s ring.” (See Abstract below)
Arch Virol. 2000;145(1):187-95.
Avian influenza virus intranasally inoculated infects the central nervous system of mice through the general visceral afferent nerve.
Shinya K1, Shimada A, Ito T, Otsuki K, Morita T, Tanaka H, Takada A, Kida H, Umemura T.
Author information
Abstract
To define the route of influenza virus invasion into the central nervous system (CNS), an avian influenza A (H5N3) virus was inoculated into mice intranasally or intravenously. Only the intranasal infection group mice showed depression and retention of gas in the digestive system. Pathological findings in the animals were bronchointerstitial pneumonia and non-suppurative encephalitis restricted to the brain stem. The nerve nucleus primarily affected was the nucleus of solitary tract. Prior to the development of the CNS lesions, viral antigen was detected in vagal and trigeminal ganglia. These results suggest that the primarily replicated virus in the respiratory mucosa ascended to the CNS via sensory nerve routes, inducing lesions in the brain stem, and then spread trans-synaptically in the CNS.
Intranasal Antibody Prophylaxis for Protection against Viral Disease
Richard Weltzin, Thomas P. Monath https://cmr.asm.org/content/12/3/383#sec-14
The palatine tonsils, nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) and lingual tonsil constitute the major part of Waldeyer’s ring or nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), with the tubal tonsils and lateral pharyngeal bands as less prominent components. The lymphoid tissue of Waldeyer’s ring is located at the gateway of the respiratory and alimentary tract and belongs to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). As tonsils are the first site of encounter with inhaled and ingested micro-organisms, they are considered the first line of defense against exogenous aggressors. The generation of B cells in the germinal centers of the tonsil is one of the most essential tonsillar functions. This manuscript aims to review the anatomy and current knowledge on the immunologic function of the Waldeyer’s ring.
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